Xylaria polymorpha, commonly known as dead man's fingers, is a cosmopolitan saprobic fungus. It is characterized by its elongated upright, clavate, or strap-like Ascocarp poking up through the ground, much like fingers.
Taxonomy
The genus
Xylaria contains about 100 species of cosmopolitan fungi. The
specific epithet polymorpha means "many forms". As its name suggests, it has a variable but often club-shaped fruiting body (
Ascocarp) resembling burned wood.
Description
Belonging to the phylum of fungus known as
Ascomycetes (division
Mycota) known as the sac fungi, they are characterized by a saclike structure, the
ascus, which contains anything from four to eight
in the sexual stage. The sac fungi are separated into subgroups based on whether asci arise singly or are borne in one of several types of fruiting structures, or ascocarps, and on the method of discharge of the ascospores. Unlike some species in this class,
X. polymorpha is inedible.
Often this fungus is found with a multitude of separate "digits", but at times the individual parts will be fused together. In maturity, the fruiting bodies can be tall, externally colored black or brown,
In springtime this fungus often produces a layer of white or bluish asexual spores called conidia, which grow on its surface and surrounding area.
Distribution and habitat
X. polymorpha is
Biogeography across all six inhabited continents.
It is a common inhabitant of forest and woodland areas, usually growing from the bases of rotting or injured tree stumps and decaying wood. It has also been known to colonize substrates like woody legume pods, petioles, and herbaceous stems.
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